<-- Begin file 16 of 26: Letter P (Version 0.46)
This file is part 16 of the GNU version of
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Also referred to as GCIDE
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This dictionary was derived from the
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
Version published 1913
by the C. & G. Merriam Co.
Springfield, Mass.
Under the direction of
Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D.
and from
WordNet, a semantic network created by
the Cognitive Science Department
of Princeton University
under the direction of
Prof. George Miller
and is being updated and supplemented by
an open coalition of volunteer collaborators from
around the world.
This electronic dictionary is the starting point for an
ongoing project to develop a modern on-line comprehensive encyclopedic
dictionary, by the efforts of all individuals willing to help build a
large and freely available knowledge base. Contributions of data,
time, and effort are requested from any person willing to assist creation
of a comprehensive and organized knowledge base for free access on the
internet. Anyone willing to assist in any way in constructing such a
knowledge base should contact:
Patrick Cassidy pc@worldsoul.org
735 Belvidere Ave. Office: (908)668-5252
Plainfield, NJ 07062
(908) 561-3416
Last edit January 29, 2002.
-->
P. 1913 Webster]
P(p, the sixteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a nonvocal consonant whose form and value come from the Latin, into which language the letter was brought, through the ancient Greek, from the Ph\'d2nician, its probable origin being Egyptian. Etymologically P is most closely related to b, f, and v; as hobble, hopple; father, paternal; recipient, receive. See B, F, and M. 1913 Webster]
See Guide to Pronunciation, 1913 Webster]
Pa(p, n.A shortened form of Papa. 1913 Webster]
Pa"age(p, n.[OF. paage, paiage, F. p\'82age, fr. (assumed) LL. pedaticum, fr. L. pes, pedis, foot. See Pedage, Pedal.](O. Eng. Law)A toll for passage over another person's grounds.[Written also peage and pedage.]Burke. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Paard(p, n.[D., a horse.]The zebra. [S. Africa] 1913 Webster]
Paas(p, n.Pace [Obs.] Chaucer 1913 Webster]
Paas(p, n.[D. paash. See Pasch.]The Easter festival. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett. 1913 Webster]
Paas egg. See Easter egg, under Easter. 1913 Webster]
Pablumn.1.A form of cereal for infants. [Trademark] WordNet 1.5]
2.A diet that does not require chewing. Syn. -- soft diet, pap, spoon food. WordNet 1.5]
3.Worthless or oversimplified ideas. Syn. -- pap, pabulum{3}. WordNet 1.5]
pab"u*lar(?), a.[L. pabularis.]Of, pertaining to, or fit for, pabulum or food; affording food. 1913 Webster]
Pab`u*la"tion(?), n.[L. pabulatio, fr. pabulari to feed, fr. pabulum food. See Pabulum.] 1913 Webster]
1.The act of feeding, or providing food. [Obs.] Cockeram. 1913 Webster]
2.Food; fodder; pabulum. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Pab"u*lous(?), a.[L. pabulosus.]Affording pabulum, or food; alimental. [R.] Sir T. Browne. 1913 Webster]
pab"u*lum(?), n.[L., akin to pascere to pasture. See Pastor.]1.The means of nutriment to animals or plants; food; nourishment.[wns=1] Syn. -- comestible, edible, eatable, victual, victuals. 1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5]
2.Hence:That which feeds or sustains, such as fuel for a fire;especially,that upon which the mind or soul is nourished; intellectual sustenance; as, intellectual pabulum.[wns=2] Syn. -- food for thought, intellectual nourishment. 1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5]
3.Trite or simplistic writing, sentiments, etc.; pablum{3}. PJC]
PAC(p, n.[Acronynm from Political Action Committee.](Politics)A political action committee, a committee formed by an organization or special-interest group to raise money to support candidates for office or to influence legislation. A PAC provides a legal means for corporations in the U. S. to support political candidates even when direct contributions from corporations to candidates is forbidden by law. In theory, the corporation may not itself contribute to a PAC, but may pay the expenses of raising money from individuals. PACs may also be formed by organizations other than commercial corporations, such as trade associations. [Acronym, U. S.] PACs became popular in the 1970's after campaign finance reform laws put limits on the amount of money which an individual can contribute to each candidate for public office. In addition to simply supporting candidates with specific viewpoints, the unstated purpose of PACs is to make politicians aware of their viewpoints, by aggregating sums of money into significant single donations. This latter effect has aroused criticism of PACs from reformers who feel that large donations bias the political process. PJC]
Pac(p, n.A kind of moccasin, having the edges of the sole turned up and sewed to the upper.Knight. 1913 Webster]
pa"ca(Pg. p, n.[Pg., from the native name.]1.(Zo\'94l.)A large burrowing South American rodent (Agouti paca syn. Cuniculus paca, formerly C\'d2logenys paca), having blackish brown fur, with four parallel rows of white spots along its sides; the spotted cavy. It is closely allied to the agouti and the Guinea pig and is highly esteemed as food. 1913 Webster]
Pa"ca*ble(?), a.[L. pacare to pacify.]Placable. [R.] Coleridge. 1913 Webster]
Pa*cane"(?), n.(Bot.)A species of hickory. See Pecan. 1913 Webster]
pa"cate(p, a.[L. pacatus, p. p. of pacare to pacify, fr. pax, pacis, peace. See Pay to requite, Peace.]Appeased; pacified; placated; tranquil. [R.] 1913 Webster]
Pa*ca"tion(?), n.[L. pacatio.]The act of pacifying; a peacemaking.Coleridge. 1913 Webster]
pace(p, n.[OE. pas, F. pas, from L. passus a step, pace, orig., a stretching out of the feet in walking; cf. pandere, passum, to spread, stretch; perh. akin to E. patent. Cf. Pas, Pass.]1.A single movement from one foot to the other in walking; a step. 1913 Webster]
2.The length of a step in walking or marching, reckoned from the heel of one foot to the heel of the other; -- used as a unit in measuring distances; as, he advanced fifty paces. \'bdThe height of sixty pace .\'b8 Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
pace is estimated at two and one half linear feet; but in measuring distances be stepping, the pace is extended to three feet (one yard) or to three and three tenths feet (one fifth of a rod). The regulation marching pace in the English and United States armies is thirty inches for quick time, and thirty-six inches for double time. The Roman pace (passus) was from the heel of one foot to the heel of the same foot when it next touched the ground, five Roman feet. 1913 Webster]
3.Manner of stepping or moving; gait; walk; as, the walk, trot, canter, gallop, and amble are paces of the horse; a swaggering pace; a quick pace.Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow, pace from day to day.Shak. 1913 Webster]
In the military schools of riding a variety of paces are taught.Walsh. 1913 Webster]
4.A slow gait; a footpace. [Obs.] Chucer. 1913 Webster]
5.Specifically, a kind of fast amble; a rack. 1913 Webster]
6.Any single movement, step, or procedure. [R.] 1913 Webster]
The first pace necessary for his majesty to make is to fall into confidence with Spain.Sir W. Temple. 1913 Webster]
7.(Arch.)A broad step or platform; any part of a floor slightly raised above the rest, as around an altar, or at the upper end of a hall. 1913 Webster]
8.(Weaving)A device in a loom, to maintain tension on the warp in pacing the web. 1913 Webster]
9.The rate of progress of any process or activity; as, the students ran at a rapid pace; the plants grew at a remarkable pace. PJC]
Geometrical pace, the space from heel to heel between the spot where one foot is set down and that where the same foot is again set down, loosely estimated at five feet, or by some at four feet and two fifths. See Roman pace in the Note under def. 2. [Obs.] --
To keep pace withor
To hold pace with, to keep up with; to go as fast as. \'bdIn intellect and attainments he kept pace with his age.\'b8 Southey. --
To put (someone) through one's pacesto cause (someone) to perform an act so as to demonstrate his/her skill or ability. 1913 Webster +PJC]
Pace(p, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Paced(p; p. pr. & vb. n.Pacing(p.]1.To go; to walk; specifically, to move with regular or measured steps. \'bdI paced on slowly.\'b8 Pope. \'bdWith speed so pace.\'b8 Shak. 1913 Webster]
2.To proceed; to pass on. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Or [ere] that I further in this tale pace.Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
3.To move quickly by lifting the legs on the same side together, as a horse; to amble with rapidity; to rack. 1913 Webster]
4.To pass away; to die. [Obs.] Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Pace, v. t.1.To walk over with measured tread; to move slowly over or upon; as, the guard paces his round. \'bdPacing light the velvet plain.\'b8 T. Warton. 1913 Webster]
2.To measure by steps or paces; as, to pace a piece of ground. Often used with out; as, to pace out the distance. 1913 Webster +PJC]
3.To develop, guide, or control the pace or paces of; to teach the pace; to break in. 1913 Webster]
If you can, pace your wisdom Shak 1913 Webster]
To pace the web(Weaving), to wind up the cloth on the beam, periodically, as it is woven, in a loom. 1913 Webster]
Paced(?), a.Having, or trained in, [such] a pace or gait; trained; -- used in composition; as, slow-paced; a thorough-paced villain. 1913 Webster]
pacemakern.(Physiol. & Anat.)1.a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat. Syn. -- cardiac pacemaker, sinoatrial node. WordNet 1.5]
2.An implanted electronic device that takes over the function of the natural cardiac pacemaker{1}; -- used to assist people whose heartbeat is irregular. Syn. -- artificial pacemaker. WordNet 1.5]
3.A horse used to set the pace in racing. Syn. -- pacer, pacesetter. WordNet 1.5]
pa"cer(?), n.One who, or that which, paces. 1913 Webster]
2.Especially:A horse trained to a special gait in which both feet on one side leave the ground together; a horse that paces.[wns=2] WordNet 1.5]
3.A horse used to set the pace in racing.[wns=3] Syn. -- pacemaker, pacesetter. WordNet 1.5]
pacesettern.A horse used to set the pace in racing. Syn. -- pacer, pacemaker. WordNet 1.5]
Pa*cha"(?), n.[F.]A civil or military authority in Turkey or Egypt; same as Pasha. 1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5]
\'d8Pa`cha*ca*mac"(?), prop. n.A divinity worshiped by the ancient Peruvians as the creator of the universe. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Pa*chak"(?), n.(Bot.)The fragrant roots of the Saussurea Costus, exported from India to China, and used for burning as incense. It is supposed to be the costus of the ancients.[Written also putchuck.] 1913 Webster]
Pa*cha"lic(?), a. & n.See Pashalic. 1913 Webster]
pachinkon.A popular Japanese pinball game played on a vertical board. WordNet 1.5]
\'d8Pa*chi"si(?), Par*che"si, Par*chi"si(, n.[Hind., fr. pachis twenty-five, the highest throw in the game.]1.A game, somewhat resembling backgammon, originating in India. 1913 Webster]
2.A game adopted from the Indian game, using disks, as of pasteboard, and dice; it is played on a cross-shaped board. [U. S. & Eng.] Webster 1913 Suppl. + WordNet 1.5]
pa*chom"e*ter(?), n.[Gr. pa`chos thickness + -meter.](Physics)An instrument for measuring thickness, as of the glass of a mirror, or of paper; a pachymeter. 1913 Webster]
\'d8pa*chon"ta(?), n.(Bot.)A substance resembling gutta-percha, and used to adulterate it, obtained from the East Indian tree Isonandra acuminata. 1913 Webster]
pachoulin.(Bot.)A small East Indian shrubby mint (Pogostemon cablin); a fragrant oil from its leaves is used in perfumes. Syn. -- patchouli, patchouly, Pogostemon cablin. WordNet 1.5]
pa*chu"ca tank(?). (Metallurgy)A high and narrow tank, with a central cylinder for the introduction of compressed air, used in the agitation and settling of pulp (pulverized ore and water) during treatment by the cyanide process; -- so named because, though originally devised in New Zealand, it was first practically introduced in Pachuca, Mexico. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Pach"y-(?). [Gr. pachy`s thick.]A combining form meaning thick; as, pachyderm, pachydactyl. 1913 Webster]
Pach`y*car"pous(?), a.[Pachy- + Gr. karpo`s fruit.](Bot.)Having the pericarp thick. 1913 Webster]
Pachycephalaprop. n.A genus of arborial insectivorous birds. Syn. -- genus Pachycephala. WordNet 1.5]
Pach`y*dac"tyl(?), n.[Pachy- + dactyl.](Zo\'94l.)A bird or other animal having thick toes. 1913 Webster]
pach"y*derm(p, n.[Cf. F. pachyderme.](Zo\'94l.)Any of various nonruminant hoofed mammals having very thick skin, including the elephant, rhinoceros, and hippopotamus, one of the Pachydermata. WordNet 1.5 + 1913 Webster]
pachyderma(p, n.(Med.)An abnormal thickening of the skin (usually unilateral on an extremity) caused by congenital enlargement of lymph vessel and lymph vessel obstruction. Syn. -- pachydermatosis, pachydermia, nevoid elephantiasis. WordNet 1.5]
pach`y*der"mal(p, a.(Zo\'94l.)Of or relating to the pachyderms; as, pachydermal dentition. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Pach`y*der"ma*ta(p, n. pl.[NL., fr. Gr. pachy`dermos thick-skinned; pachy`s thick + de`rma skin.](Zo\'94l.)A group of hoofed mammals distinguished for the thickness of their skins, including the elephant, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, tapir, horse, and hog; the pachyderms. It is now considered an artificial group. 1913 Webster]
Pach`y*der"moid(?), a.[Pachyderm + -oid.](Zo\'94l.)Related to the pachyderms. 1913 Webster]
Pach`y*glos"sal(p, a.[Pachy- + Gr. glw^ssa tongue.](Zo\'94l.)Having a thick tongue; -- applied to a group of lizards (Pachygloss\'91), including the iguanas and agamas. 1913 Webster]
pach`y*glos"si*a(p, n.[Pachy- + Gr. glw^ssa tongue.](Med.)The condition of having an enlarged thick tongue. PJC]
Pach`y*men`in*gi"tis(?), n.[Pachy- + meningitis.](Med.)Inflammation of the dura mater or outer membrane of the brain. 1913 Webster]
Pa*chym"e*ter(?), n.[Pachy- + -meter.]Same as Pachometer. 1913 Webster]
Pach"y*ote(?), n.[Pachy- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.)One of a family of bats, including those which have thick external ears. 1913 Webster]
Pachyrhizusprop. n.(Bot.)A small genus of tropical vines having tuberous roots. Syn. -- genus Pachyrhizus. WordNet 1.5]
pachysandran.(Bot.)Any plant of the genus Pachysandra; they are low-growing evergreen herbs or subshrubs having dentate leaves and used as ground cover. WordNet 1.5]
pachytenen.(Biol.)The third stage of the prophase of meiosis, the stage in which the pairing of homologous chromosomes has been completed. WordNet 1.5]
pac"i*fi`a*ble(?), a.Capable of being pacified or appeased; placable. 1913 Webster]
pa*cif"ic(?), a.[L. pacificus: cf. F. pacifique. See Pacify.]Of or pertaining to peace; of a peaceful character; not warlike; not quarrelsome; as, a pacific nature or condition.[wns=3] Syn. -- peaceable. 1913 Webster]
2.Promoting peace; suited to make or restore peace; conciliatory; as, pacific words or acts.[wns=1] Syn. -- irenic. WordNet 1.5]
3.of or pertaining to the Pacific Ocean; as, Pacific islands. WordNet 1.5]
Pacific Ocean, the ocean between America and Asia, so called by Magellan, its first European navigator, on account of the exemption from violent tempests which he enjoyed while sailing over it; -- called also, simply, the Pacific, and, formerly, the South sea. 1913 Webster]
pa*cif"ic*al(?), a.Of or pertaining to peace; pacific. [R.] Sir H. Wotton. -- Pa*cif"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.] 1913 Webster]
Pa*cif`i*ca"tion(?), n.[L. pacificatio: cf. F. pacification. See Pacify.]The act or process of pacifying, or of making peace between parties at variance; reconciliation. \'bdAn embassy of pacification.\'b8 Bacon. 1913 Webster]
Pa*cif"i*ca`tor(?), n.[L.]One who, or that which, pacifies; a peacemaker.Bacon. 1913 Webster]
Pa*cif"i*ca*to*ry(?), a.[L. pacificatorius.]Tending to make peace; conciliatory.Barrow. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Pa*ci"fi*co(?), n.[Sp. See Pacific.]A peaceful person; -- applied specif. by the Spaniards to the natives in Cuba and the Philippine Islands who did not oppose the Spanish arms.
While we were going through the woods one of the pacificos pointed to a new grave.Harper's Weekly. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Pac"i*fi`er(?), n.1.One who or that which pacifies. 1913 Webster]
2.A small device, usually of rubber or plastic containing a protruding nipple-shaped portion which a baby may place in its mouth and suck on; -- it is used to keep babies contented. PJC]
pacifismn.the doctrine that all violence is unjustifiable. Syn. -- passivism. WordNet 1.5]
2.The belief that all international disputes can be settled by arbitration. WordNet 1.5]
pacifistn.1.A person opposed to violence as a means of settling disputes. Syn. -- pacificist, disarmer. WordNet 1.5]
2.A person whose strong belief in pacifism causes him/her to refuse to participate in military activities, especially one who refuses to be drafted into the armed forces. PJC]
pacifistpacifisticadj.Adhering to pacifism; opposed to war; -- of people. WordNet 1.5]
Pac"i*fy(?), v. t.[imp. & p. p.Pacified(?); p. pr. & vb. n.Pacifying(?).][F. pacifier, L. pacificare; pax, pacis, peace + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Peace, and -fy.]To make to be at peace; to appease; to calm; to still; to quiet; to allay the agitation, excitement, or resentment of; to tranquillize; as, to pacify a man when angry; to pacify pride, appetite, or importunity. \'bdPray ye, pacify yourself.\'b8 Shak. Syn. -- lenify, assuage, appease, mollify, placate, gentle, gruntle. 1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5]
To pacify and settle those countries.Bacon. 1913 Webster]
pacifyingadj.freeing from fear and anxiety. Syn. -- assuasive, calming, soothing. WordNet 1.5]
pacingn.the speed at which a composition is to be played. Syn. -- tempo. WordNet 1.5]
Pa*cin"i*an(?), a.(Anat.)Of, pertaining to, or discovered by, Filippo Pacini (1812-1883), an Italian physician of the 19th century. 1913 Webster]
Pacinian corpuscles, small oval bodies terminating some of the minute branches of the sensory nerves in the skin of the fingers, mesentery, integument and other parts of the body; the corpuscula lamellosa; called also Vater's corpuscles and Vater-Pacini corpuscles. They are sensitive to pressure, and supposed to be tactile organs. 1913 Webster +PJC]
Pack, n.[Akin to D. pak, G. pack, Dan. pakke, Sw. packa, Icel. pakki, Gael. & Ir. pac, Arm. pak. Cf. Packet.] 1913 Webster]
1.A bundle made up and prepared to be carried; especially, a bundle to be carried on the back; a load for an animal; a bale, as of goods.Piers Plowman. 1913 Webster]
2.[Cf. Peck, n.]A number or quantity equal to the contents of a pack; hence, a multitude; a burden. \'bdA pack of sorrows.\'b8 \'bdA pack of blessings.\'b8 Shak. 1913 Webster]
pack of meal is meant 280 lbs.; of wool, 240 lbs.\'b8McElrath. 1913 Webster]
3.A group or quantity of connected or similar things; as, a pack of lies; specifically:(a)A full set of playing cards; a deck; also, the assortment used in a particular game; as, a euchre pack.(b)A number of wolves, hounds or dogs, hunting or kept together; as, a wolf pack.(c)A number of persons associated or leagued in a bad design or practice; a gang; as, a pack of thieves or knaves.(d)A shook of cask staves.(e)A bundle of sheet-iron plates for rolling simultaneously. 1913 Webster]
4.A large area of floating pieces of ice driven together more or less closely.Kane. 1913 Webster]
5.An envelope, or wrapping, of sheets used in hydropathic practice, called dry pack, wet pack, cold pack, etc., according to the method of treatment. 1913 Webster]
6.[Prob. the same word; but cf. AS. p to deceive.]A loose, lewd, or worthless person. See Baggage. [Obs.] Skelton. 1913 Webster]
7.(Med.)In hydropathic practice, a wrapping of blankets or sheets called dry pack, wet pack, cold pack, etc., according to the condition of the blankets or sheets used, put about a patient to give him treatment; also, the fact or condition of being so treated. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
8.(Rugby Football)The forwards who compose one half of the scrummage; also, the scrummage. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Pack animal, an animal, as a horse, mule, etc., employed in carrying packs. --
Pack and prime roador
Pack and prime way, a pack road or bridle way. --
Pack cloth, a coarse cloth, often duck, used in covering packs or bales. --
Pack horse. See Pack animal (above). --
Pack ice. See def. 4, above. --
Pack moth(Zo\'94l.), a small moth (Anacampsis sarcitella) which, in the larval state, is very destructive to wool and woolen fabrics. --
Pack needle, a needle for sewing with pack thread.Piers Plowman. --
Pack saddle, a saddle made for supporting the load on a pack animal.Shak. --
Pack staff, a staff for supporting a pack; a peddler's staff. --
Pack train(Mil.), a troop of pack animals. 1913 Webster]
<-- p. 1029 -->
Pack(p, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Packed(p; p. pr. & vb. n.Packing.][Akin to D. pakken, G. packen, Dan. pakke, Sw. packa, Icel. pakka. See Pack, n.]1.To make a pack of; to arrange closely and securely in a pack; hence, to place and arrange compactly as in a pack; to press into close order or narrow compass; as, to pack goods in a box; to pack fish. 1913 Webster]
Strange materials packed up with wonderful art.Addison. 1913 Webster]
Where . . . the bones packed.Shak. 1913 Webster]
2.To fill in the manner of a pack, that is, compactly and securely, as for transportation; hence, to fill closely or to repletion; to stow away within; to cause to be full; to crowd into; as, to pack a trunk; the play, or the audience, packs the theater. 1913 Webster]
3.To shuffle, sort and arrange (the cards) in a pack so as to secure the game unfairly; to stack{3} (the deck). 1913 Webster +PJC]
And mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown.Pope. 1913 Webster]
4.Hence:To bring together or make up unfairly and fraudulently, in order to secure a certain result; to stack{3}; as, to pack a jury or a caucus. 1913 Webster]
The expected council was dwindling into . . . a packed assembly of Italian bishops.Atterbury. 1913 Webster]
5.To contrive unfairly or fraudulently; to plot. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
He lost life . . . upon a nice point subtilely devised and packed by his enemies.Fuller. 1913 Webster]
6.To load with a pack; hence, to load; to encumber; as, to pack a horse. 1913 Webster]
Our thighs packed with wax, our mouths with honey.Shack. 1913 Webster]
7.To cause to go; to send away with baggage or belongings; esp., to send away peremptorily or suddenly; to send packing; -- sometimes with off; as, to pack a boy off to school. 1913 Webster]
He . . . must not die packed with post horse up to heaven.Shak. 1913 Webster]
8.To transport in a pack, or in the manner of a pack (i. e., on the backs of men or beasts). [Western U.S.] 1913 Webster]
9.(Hydropathy)To envelop in a wet or dry sheet, within numerous coverings. See Pack, n., 5. 1913 Webster]
10.(Mech.)To render impervious, as by filling or surrounding with suitable material, or to fit or adjust so as to move without giving passage to air, water, or steam; as, to pack a joint; to pack the piston of a steam engine. 1913 Webster]
11.To cover, envelop, or protect tightly with something;specif.(Hydropathy), to envelop in a wet or dry sheet, within numerous coverings. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Pack, v. i.1.To make up packs, bales, or bundles; to stow articles securely for transportation. 1913 Webster]
2.To admit of stowage, or of making up for transportation or storage; to become compressed or to settle together, so as to form a compact mass; as, the goods pack conveniently; wet snow packs well. 1913 Webster]
3.To gather in flocks or schools; as, the grouse or the perch begin to pack. [Eng.] 1913 Webster]
4.To depart in haste; -- generally with off or away. 1913 Webster]
Poor Stella must pack off to townSwift. 1913 Webster]
You shall pack, Tennyson. 1913 Webster]
5.To unite in bad measures; to confederate for ill purposes; to join in collusion. [Obs.] \'bdGo pack with him.\'b8 Shak. 1913 Webster]
To send packing, to drive away; to send off roughly or in disgrace; to dismiss unceremoniously. \'bdThe parliament . . . presently sent him packing.\'b8 South. 1913 Webster]
Pack"age(p, n.1.Act or process of packing. 1913 Webster]
2.A bundle made up for transportation; a packet; a bale; a parcel; as, a package of goods. 1913 Webster]
3.A charge made for packing goods. 1913 Webster]
4.A duty formerly charged in the port of London on goods imported or exported by aliens, or by denizens who were the sons of aliens. 1913 Webster]
packaged(p, adj.Enclosed in a package{2} or protective covering; as, packaged cereals. [Narrower terms: prepackaged, pre-packaged, prepacked ] unpackaged, loose Syn. -- wrapped, done up. WordNet 1.5]
packedadj.1.Same as jammed. Syn. -- full, jammed, jam-packed. WordNet 1.5]
2.Crowded; as, the theater was packed. PJC]
pack"er(p, n.1.A person whose business is to pack things; especially, one who packs food for preservation or for the market; as, a pork packer. 1913 Webster]
2.A ring of packing or a special device to render gas-tight and water-tight the space between the tubing and bore of an oil well. [U. S.] Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Packeraprop. n.A genus of American or East Asian perennial herbs with yellow to orange or red flower rays; it is sometimes included in genus Senecio. Syn. -- genus Packera. WordNet 1.5]
pack"et(p, n.[F. paquet, dim. fr. LL. paccus, from the same source as E. pack. See Pack.] 1913 Webster]
1.A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as, a packet of letters.Shak. 1913 Webster]
2.Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey dispatches or mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying dispatches, mails, passengers, and goods, and having fixed days of sailing; a mail boat. 1913 Webster]
Packet boat,
Packet ship, or
Packet vessel. See Packet, n., 2. --
Packet day, the day for mailing letters to go by packet; or the sailing day. --
Packet noteor
Packet post. See under Paper. 1913 Webster]
Pack"et, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Packeted; p. pr. & vb. n.Packeting.]1.To make up into a packet or bundle. 1913 Webster]
2.To send in a packet or dispatch vessel. 1913 Webster]
Her husband packeted to France.Ford. 1913 Webster]
Pack"et, v. i.To ply with a packet or dispatch boat. 1913 Webster]
Pack"fong`(p, n.[Chin. peh tung.](Metal.)A Chinese alloy of nickel, zinc, and copper, resembling German silver. 1913 Webster]
Pack horse. See under 2d Pack. 1913 Webster]
Pack"house`(p, n.Warehouse for storing goods. 1913 Webster]
Pack"ing, n.1.The act or process of one who packs. 1913 Webster]
2.Any material used to pack, fill up, or make close.Specifically(Mach.): A substance or piece used to make a joint impervious; as:(a)A thin layer, or sheet, of yielding or elastic material inserted between the surfaces of a flange joint.(b)The substance in a stuffing box, through which a piston rod slides.(c)A yielding ring, as of metal, which surrounds a piston and maintains a tight fit, as inside a cylinder, etc. 1913 Webster]
3.(Masonry)Same as Filling. [Rare in the U. S.] 1913 Webster]
4.A trick; collusion. [Obs.] Bale. 1913 Webster]
Cherd packing(Bridge Building), the arrangement, side by side, of several parts, as bars, diagonals, a post, etc., on a pin at the bottom of a chord.Waddell. --
Packing box, a stuffing box. See under Stuffing. --
Packing press, a powerful press for baling cotton, wool, hay, etc. --
Packing ring. See Packing, 2 (c), and Illust. of Piston. --
Packing sheet. (a)A large cloth for packing goods. (b)A sheet prepared for packing hydropathic patients. 1913 Webster]
packinghousen.1.A place where foodstuffs are processed and packed; as, they came from an apple packinghouse. WordNet 1.5]
2.A plant where livestock are slaughtered and processed and packed as meat products. Syn. -- packing plant. WordNet 1.5]
Pack"man(?), n.; pl.Packmen(.One who bears a pack; a peddler. 1913 Webster]
packrat, pack ratn.1.Any of several bushy-tailed rodents of the genus Neotoma of western North America, especially Neotoma cinerea, which hoard food and other objects in their nests. Syn. -- trade rat, bushytail woodrat, Neotoma cinerea. WordNet 1.5]
2.A person who habitually saves items, even those unlikely to be useful. [Informal] PJC]
packsaddlen.A saddle to which loads can be attached. WordNet 1.5]
2.[Peruv. paco, pacu, red, reddish, reddish ore containing silver; perh. a different word.](Min.)An earthy-looking ore, consisting of brown oxide of iron with minute particles of native silver.Ure. 1913 Webster]
pact(p, n.[L. pactum, fr. paciscere to make a bargain or contract, fr. pacere to settle, or agree upon; cf. pangere to fasten, Gr. phgny`nai, Skr. p\'be bond, and E. fang: cf. F. pacte. Cf. Peace, Fadge, v.]An agreement; a league; a compact; a covenant.Bacon. 1913 Webster]
The engagement and pact of society which goes by the name of the constitution.Burke. 1913 Webster]
Pac"tion(?), n.[L. pactio: cf. F. paction. See Pact.]An agreement; a compact; a bargain. [R.] Sir W. Scott. 1913 Webster]
Pac"tion*al(?), a.Of the nature of, or by means of, a paction.Bp. Sanderson. 1913 Webster]
Pac*ti"tious(?), a.[L. pactitius, pacticius.]Setted by a pact, or agreement. [R.] Johnson. 1913 Webster]
Pac*to"li*an(?), a.Pertaining to the Pactolus, a river in ancient Lydia famous for its golden sands. 1913 Webster]
Pa"cu(?), n.(Zo\'94l.)A South American fresh-water fish (Myletes pacu), of the family Characinid\'91. It is highly esteemed as food. 1913 Webster]
pad(p, n.[D. pad. Path.]1.A footpath; a road. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] 1913 Webster]
2.An easy-paced horse; a padnag.Addison 1913 Webster]
An abbot on an ambling pad.Tennyson. 1913 Webster]
3.A robber that infests the road on foot; a highwayman; -- usually called a footpad.Gay.Byron. 1913 Webster]
4.The act of robbing on the highway. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Pad, v. t.To travel upon foot; to tread. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Padding the streets for half a crown.Somerville. 1913 Webster]
Pad, v. i.1.To travel heavily or slowly.Bunyan. 1913 Webster]
2.To rob on foot. [Obs.] Cotton Mather. 1913 Webster]
3.To wear a path by walking. [Prov. Eng.] 1913 Webster]
Pad, n.[Perh. akin to pod.]1.A soft, or small, cushion; a mass of anything soft; stuffing. 1913 Webster]
2.A kind of cushion for writing upon, or for blotting; esp., one formed of many flat sheets of writing paper, or layers of blotting paper; a block of paper. 1913 Webster]
3.A cushion used as a saddle without a tree or frame. 1913 Webster]
4.A stuffed guard or protection; esp., one worn on the legs of horses to prevent bruising. 1913 Webster]
5.(Zo\'94l.)A cushionlike thickening of the skin one the under side of the toes of animals. 1913 Webster]
6.A floating leaf of a water lily or similar plant. 1913 Webster]
7.(Med.)A soft bag or cushion to relieve pressure, support a part, etc. 1913 Webster]
8.(Naut.)A piece of timber fixed on a beam to fit the curve of the deck.W. C. Russel. 1913 Webster]
9.A measure for fish; as, sixty mackerel go to a pad; a basket of soles. [Eng.] Simmonds. 1913 Webster]
10.A dwelling place, usually an apartment; one's living quarters; as, come over to my pad to watch the game. [Slang] PJC]
11.A sum of money paid as a bribe to police officers, shared among them;also,the list of such officers receiving such a bribe. PJC]
Pad cloth, a saddlecloth; a housing. --
Pad saddle. See def. 3, above. --
Pad tree(Harness Making), a piece of wood or metal which gives rigidity and shape to a harness pad.Knight. --
on the pad, receiving bribes; -- of police officers. 1913 Webster]
Pad, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Padded; p. pr. & vb. n.Padding.]1.To stuff; to furnish with a pad or padding. 1913 Webster]
2.(Calico Printing)To imbue uniformly with a mordant; as, to pad cloth.Ure. 1913 Webster]
Pad"ar(?), n.[Etymol. uncertain.]Groats; coarse flour or meal. [Obs.] Sir. H. Wotton. 1913 Webster]
paddedadj.Same as cushioned, 1. Syn. -- cushioned, cushiony. WordNet 1.5]
Pad"der(?), n.1.One who, or that which, pads. 1913 Webster]
2.A highwayman; a footpad. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
Pad"ding, n.1.The act or process of making a pad or of inserting stuffing. 1913 Webster]
2.The material with which anything is padded. 1913 Webster]
3.Material of inferior value, serving to extend a book, essay, etc.London Sat. Rev. 1913 Webster]
4.(Calico Printing)The uniform impregnation of cloth with a mordant. 1913 Webster]
Pad"dle(?), v. i.[Prob. for pattle, and a dim. of pat, v.; cf. also E. pad to tread, Prov. G. paddeln, padden, to walk with short steps, to paddle, G. patschen to splash, dash, dabble, F. patouiller to dabble, splash, fr. patte a paw. 1.To use the hands or fingers in toying; to make caressing strokes. [Obs.] Shak. 1913 Webster]
2.To dabble in water with hands or feet; to use a paddle, or something which serves as a paddle, in swimming, in paddling a boat, etc. 1913 Webster]
As the men were paddling for their lives.L'Estrange. 1913 Webster]
While paddling ducks the standing lake desire.Gay. 1913 Webster]
Pad"dle, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Paddled(?); p. pr. & vb. n.Paddling(?)]1.To pat or stroke amorously, or gently. [Obsolescent] 1913 Webster]
To be paddling palms and pinching fingers.Shak. 1913 Webster]
2.To propel with, or as with, a paddle or paddles. 1913 Webster]
3.To pad; to tread upon; to trample. [Prov. Eng.] 1913 Webster]
4.To spank with a paddle or as if with a paddle; -- usually as a disciplinary punishment of children. PJC]
5.To mix (a viscous liquid) by stirring or beating with a paddle. PJC]
Pad"dle, n.[See Paddle, v. i.]1.An implement with a broad blade, which is used without a fixed fulcrum in propelling and steering canoes and boats. 1913 Webster]
2.The broad part of a paddle, with which the stroke is made;hence,any short, broad blade, resembling that of a paddle, such as that used in table tennis. 1913 Webster]
Thou shalt have a paddle upon thy weapon.Deut. xxiii. 13. 1913 Webster]
3.One of the broad boards, or floats, at the circumference of a water wheel, or paddle wheel. 1913 Webster]
4.A small gate in sluices or lock gates to admit or let off water; -- also called clough. 1913 Webster]
5.(Zo\'94l.)A paddle-shaped foot, as of the sea turtle. 1913 Webster]
6.A paddle-shaped implement for stirring or mixing. 1913 Webster]
7.[In this sense prob. for older spaddle, a dim. of spade.]See Paddle staff (b), below. [Prov. Eng.] 1913 Webster]
Paddle beam(Shipbuilding), one of two large timbers supporting the spring beam and paddle box of a steam vessel. --
Paddle board. See Paddle, n., 3. --
Paddle shaft, the revolving shaft which carries the paddle wheel of a steam vessel. --
Paddle staff. (a)A staff tipped with a broad blade, used by mole catchers. [Prov. Eng.] (b)A long-handled spade used to clean a plowshare; -- called also plow staff. [Prov. Eng.] --
Paddle steamer, a steam vessel propelled by paddle wheels, in distinction from a screw propeller. --
Paddle wheel, the propelling wheel of a steam vessel, having paddles (or floats) on its circumference, and revolving in a vertical plane parallel to the vessel's length. 1913 Webster]
paddlebox, paddle boxn.1.a wooden covering for the upper part of the paddle wheel of a steam vessel. 1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5]
Pad"dle*fish`(?), n.(Zo\'94l)A large ganoid fish (Polyodon spathula) found in the rivers of the Mississippi Valley. It has a long spatula-shaped snout. Called also duck-billed cat, and spoonbill sturgeon. 1913 Webster]
Pad"dler(?), n.One who, or that which, paddles. 1913 Webster]
Pad"dle*wood`(?), n.(Bot.)The light elastic wood of the Aspidosperma excelsum, a tree of Guiana having a fluted trunk readily split into planks. 1913 Webster]
Pad"dock(?), n.[OE. padde toad, frog + -ock; akin to D. pad, padde, toad, Icel. & Sw. padda, Dan. padde.](Zo\'94l.)A toad or frog.Wyclif. \'bdLoathed paddocks.\'b8 Spenser 1913 Webster]
Paddock pipe(Bot.), a hollow-stemmed plant of the genus Equisetum, especially Equisetum limosum and the fruiting stems of Equisetum arvense; -- called also padow pipe and toad pipe. See Equisetum. --
Paddock stone. See Toadstone. --
Paddock stool(Bot.),a toadstool. 1913 Webster]
Pad"dock, n.[Corrupted fr. parrock. See Parrock.] 1913 Webster]
1.A small inclosure or park for sporting. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
2.A small inclosure for pasture; esp., one adjoining a stable.Evelyn.Cowper. 1913 Webster]
3.An enclosure used for saddling and mounting horses prior to a race. PJC]
Pad"dy, n.; pl.Paddies(#).[Corrupted fr. St. Patrick, the tutelar saint of Ireland.]A jocose or contemptuous name for an Irishman; -- usually considered offensive. [Obsolescent] 1913 Webster +PJC]
Pad"dy, n.[Either fr. Canarese bhatta or Malay p\'bed\'c6.](Bot.)Unhusked rice; -- commonly so called in the East Indies. 1913 Webster]
Paddy bird. (Zo\'94l.)See Java sparrow, under Java. 1913 Webster]
paddymelonn.1.Any of several small reddish-brown wallabies of scrubby areas of Australia and New Guinea, especially those belonging to the genus Thylogale. Syn. -- pademelon. WordNet 1.5]
paddy wagonn.An enclosed truck used by police to transport prisoners. Syn. -- patrol wagon, Black Maria. WordNet 1.5]
Pad elephant. An elephant that is furnished with a pad for carrying burdens instead of with a howdah for carrying passengers. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Pad`e*li"on(?), n.[F. pas de lion lion's foot.](Bot.)A plant with pedately lobed leaves; the lady's mantle. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Pa*del"la(?), n.[It., prop., a pan, a friing pan, fr. L. patella a pan.]A large cup or deep saucer, containing fatty matter in which a wick is placed, -- used for public illuminations, as at St. Peter's, in Rome. Called also padelle. 1913 Webster]
pad`e*mel"onn.(Zo\'94l.)Any of several small reddish-brown wallabies of scrubby areas of Australia and New Guinea, especially those belonging to the genus Thylogale; a paddymelon. See Wallaby 1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5]
Pad"e*soy`(?), n.See Paduasoy. 1913 Webster]
Padge, n.(Zo\'94l.)The barn owl; -- called also pudge, and pudge owl. [Prov. Eng.] 1913 Webster]
\'d8Pa`di*shah"(?), n.[Per. p\'bedish\'beh. Cf. Pasha.]Chief ruler; monarch; sovereign; -- a title of the Sultan of Turkey, and of the Shah of Persia. 1913 Webster]
Pad"lock`(?), n.[Perh. orig., a lock for a pad gate, or a gate opening to a path, or perh., a lock for a basket or pannier, and from Prov. E. pad a pannier. Cf. Pad a path, Paddler.]1.A portable lock with a bow which is usually jointed or pivoted at one end so that it can be opened, the other end being fastened by the bolt, -- used for fastening by passing the bow through a staple over a hasp or through the links of a chain, etc. 1913 Webster]
2. Fig.: A curb; a restraint. 1913 Webster]
Pad"lock`, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Padlocked(?); p. pr. & vb. n.Padlocking.]To fasten with, or as with, a padlock; to stop; to shut; to confine as by a padlock.Milton. Tennyson. 1913 Webster]
Pad"ow(?), n.(Zo\'94l.)A paddock, or toad. 1913 Webster]
Padow pipe. (Bot.)See Paddock pipe, under Paddock. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Pa"dre(p, n.; pl. Sp. & Pg. Padres(p; It. Padri(p. [Sp., Pg., & It., fr. L. pater father. See Father.]1.A Christian priest or monk; used as a term of address for priests in some churches (especially Roman or Orthodox Catholic in Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Spanish America); -- also used in the American military. Syn. -- Father. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
2.In India (from the Portuguese), any Christian minister; also, a priest of the native region.Kipling. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
3.A chaplain in one of the military services. Syn. -- military chaplain, Holy Joe, sky pilot. WordNet 1.5]
\'d8Pa*dro"ne(?), n.; pl. It. Padroni(#), E. Padrones.[It. See Patron.]1.A patron; a protector. 1913 Webster]
2.The master of a small coaster in the Mediterranean. 1913 Webster]
3.A man who imports, and controls the earnings of, Italian laborers, street musicians, etc. 1913 Webster]
Pad`u*a*soy"(?), n.[From Padua, in Italy + F. soie silk; or cf. F. pou-de-soie.]A rich and heavy silk stuff.[Written also padesoy.] 1913 Webster]
Pa*du"cahs(p, n. pl.; sing. Paducah(-k.(Ethnol.)See Comanches. 1913 Webster]
P\'91"an(p, n.[L. paean, Gr. paia`n, fr. Paia`n the physician of the gods, later, Apollo. Cf. P\'91on, Peony.][Written also pean.]1.An ancient Greek hymn in honor of Apollo as a healing deity, and, later, a song addressed to other deities. 1913 Webster]
2.Any loud and joyous song; a song of triumph, joy, or praise.Dryden. \'bdPublic p\'91ans of congratulation.\'b8 De Quincey. 1913 Webster]
3.See P\'91on. 1913 Webster]
P\'91`do*bap"tism(p, n.Pedobaptism. 1913 Webster]
<-- p. 1030 -->
p\'91`do*gen"esis(p, n.[Gr. pai^s, paido`s, child + E. genesis.](Zo\'94l.)Reproduction by young or larval animals. 1913 Webster]
p\'91`do*ge*net"ic(p, a.(Zo\'94l.)Producing young while in the immature or larval state; -- said of certain insects, etc. 1913 Webster]
p\'91"on(p, n.[L. paeon, Gr. paiw`n a solemn song, also, a p\'91on, equiv. to paia`n. See P\'91an.](Anc. Poet.)A foot of four syllables, one long and three short, admitting of four combinations, according to the place of the long syllable.[Written also, less correctly, p\'91an.] 1913 Webster]
Paeoniaceaeprop. n.A natural family of perennial rhizomatous herbs and shrubs, native to temperate Europe and North America. Syn. -- family Paeoniaceae, peony family. WordNet 1.5]
p\'91"o*nine(p, n.(Chem.)An artifical red nitrogenous dyestuff, called also red coralline. 1913 Webster]
pae"o*ny, P\'91"o*ny(p, n.(Bot.)Any of numerous plants widely cultivated for their showy single or double red or pink or white flowers; the Peony. 1913 Webster + WordNet 1.5]
Pa"gan(p, n.[L. paganus a countryman, peasant, villager, a pagan, fr. paganus of or pertaining to the country, rustic, also, pagan, fr. pagus a district, canton, the country, perh. orig., a district with fixed boundaries: cf. pangere to fasten. Cf. Painim, Peasant, and Pact, also Heathen.]One who worships false gods; an idolater; a heathen; one who is neither a Christian, a Mohammedan, nor a Jew. 1913 Webster]
Neither having the accent of Christians, nor the gait of Christian, pagan, nor man.Shak. 1913 Webster]
Syn. -- Gentile; heathen; idolater. -- Pagan, Gentile, Heathen. Gentile was applied to the other nations of the earth as distinguished from the Jews. Pagan was the name given to idolaters in the early Christian church, because the villagers, being most remote from the centers of instruction, remained for a long time unconverted. Heathen has the same origin. Pagan is now more properly applied to rude and uncivilized idolaters, while heathen embraces all who practice idolatry. 1913 Webster]
Pa"gan, a.[L. paganus of or pertaining to the country, pagan. See Pagan, n.]Of or pertaining to pagans; relating to the worship or the worshipers of false goods; heathen; idolatrous, as, pagan tribes or superstitions. 1913 Webster]
And all the rites of pagan honor paid.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
{ Pa*gan"ic(p, Pa*gan"ic*al(-, }a.Of or pertaining to pagans or paganism; heathenish; paganish. [R.] \'bdThe paganic fables of the goods.\'b8 Cudworth. -- Pa*gan"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.] 1913 Webster]
Pa"gan*ish(p, a.Of or pertaining to pagans; heathenish. \'bdThe old paganish idolatry.\'b8 Sharp 1913 Webster]
Pa"gan*ism(-, n.[L. paganismus: cf. F. paganisme. See Pagan, and cf. Painim.]The state of being pagan; pagan characteristics; esp., the worship of idols or false gods, or the system of religious opinions and worship maintained by pagans; heathenism. 1913 Webster]
Pa*gan"i*ty(p, n.[L. Paganitas.]The state of being a pagan; paganism. [R.] Cudworth. 1913 Webster]
Pa"gan*ize(p, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Paganized(?); p. pr. & vb. n.Paganizing(?).]To render pagan or heathenish; to convert to paganism.Hallywell. 1913 Webster]
Pa"gan*ize, v. i.To behave like pagans.Milton. 1913 Webster]
Pa"gan*ly, adv.In a pagan manner.Dr. H. More. 1913 Webster]
Page(p, n.[F., fr. It. paggio, LL. pagius, fr. Gr. paidi`on, dim. of pai^s, paido`s, a boy, servant; perh. akin to L. puer. Cf. Pedagogue, Puerile.]1.A serving boy; formerly, a youth attending a person of high degree, especially at courts, as a position of honor and education; now commonly, in England, a youth employed for doing errands, waiting on the door, and similar service in households; in the United States, a boy or girl employed to wait upon the members of a legislative body. Prior to 1960 only boys served as pages in the United States Congress 1913 Webster]
He had two pages of honor -- on either hand one.Bacon. 1913 Webster]
2.A boy child. [Obs.] Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
3.A contrivance, as a band, pin, snap, or the like, to hold the skirt of a woman's dress from the ground. 1913 Webster]
4.(Brickmaking)A track along which pallets carrying newly molded bricks are conveyed to the hack. 1913 Webster]
5.(Zo\'94l.)Any one of several species of beautiful South American moths of the genus Urania. 1913 Webster]
page, v. t.1.To attend (one) as a page. [Obs.] Shak. 1913 Webster]
2.To call out a person's name in a public place, so as to deliver a message, as in a hospital, restaurant, etc. PJC]
3.To call a person on a pager. PJC]
Page, n.[F., fr. L. pagina; prob. akin to pagere, pangere, to fasten, fix, make, the pages or leaves being fastened together. Cf. Pact, Pageant, Pagination.] 1913 Webster]
1.One side of a leaf of a book or manuscript. 1913 Webster]
Such was the book from whose pages she sang.Longfellow. 1913 Webster]
2. Fig.: A record; a writing; as, the page of history. 1913 Webster]
3.(Print.)The type set up for printing a page. 1913 Webster]
Page, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Paged(p; p. pr. & vb. n.Paging(p.]To mark or number the pages of, as a book or manuscript; to furnish with folios. 1913 Webster]
Pag"eant(por p, n.[OE. pagent, pagen, originally, a movable scaffold or stage, hence, what was exhibited on it, fr. LL. pagina, akin to pangere to fasten; cf. L. pagina page, leaf, slab, compaginare to join together, compages a joining together, structure. See Pact, Page of a book.] 1913 Webster]
page boy, n.A type of hairdo. <-- !!?? needs illustration --> PJC]
Page"hood(?), n.The state of being a page. 1913 Webster]
pag"er, n.A small electronic communication device which signals when a telephone call has been received at a base station. Each such device receives radio signals from the base station specifically coded for the individual to whom it is registered; the signal given by the device to the registered user may be a beeping sound, indicating that the user should call the base station to receive a message; or it may display a telephone number to which the user may call directly to return the incoming call, or may display a short message. Such devices are small enough to carry in the pocket or pocketbook, or to clip onto a belt or other part of the clothing. Also called beeper. PJC]
\'d8Pag"i*na(?), n.; pl.Pagin\'91(#).[L.](Bot.)The surface of a leaf or of a flattened thallus. 1913 Webster]
Pag"i*nal(?), a.[L. paginalis.]Consisting of pages. \'bdPaginal books.\'b8 Sir T. Browne. 1913 Webster]
pag"i*nate(p, v. t.To number the pages of (a book or manuscript). Syn. -- foliate. WordNet 1.5]
Pag`i*na"tion(p, n.The act or process of paging a book; also, the characters used in numbering the pages; page number.Lowndes. 1913 Webster]
Pa"ging(?), n.The marking or numbering of the pages of a book. 1913 Webster]
Pa"god(?), n.[Cf. F. pagode. See Pagoda.]1.A pagoda. [R.] \'bdOr some queer pagod.\'b8 Pope. 1913 Webster]
Pa*go"da(?), n.[Pg. pagoda, pagode, fr. Hind. & Per. but-kadah a house of idols, or abode of God; Per. but an idol + kadah a house, a temple.]1.A term by which Europeans designate religious temples and tower-like buildings of the Hindoos and Buddhists of India, Farther India, China, and Japan, -- usually but not always, devoted to idol worship. 1913 Webster]
2.An idol. [R.] Brande & C. 1913 Webster]
3.[Prob. so named from the image of a pagoda or a deity (cf. Skr. bhagavat holy, divine) stamped on it.]A gold or silver coin, of various kinds and values, formerly current in India. The Madras gold pagoda was worth about three and a half rupees. 1913 Webster]
Pa*go"da sleeve. (Costume)A funnel-shaped sleeve arranged to show the sleeve lining and an inner sleeve. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Pa*go"dite(?), n.(Min.)Agalmatolite; -- so called because sometimes carved by the Chinese into the form of pagodas. See Agalmatolite. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Pa*gu"ma(?), n.(Zo\'94l.)Any one of several species of East Indian viverrine mammals of the genus Paguma. They resemble a weasel in form. 1913 Webster]
Pa*gu"ri*an(?), n.[L. pagurus a kind of crab, Gr. pa`goyros.](Zo\'94l.)Any one of a tribe of anomuran crustaceans, of which Pagurus is a type; the hermit crab. See Hermit crab, under Hermit. 1913 Webster]
Pagurusprop. n.[Gr. pa`goyros, crab.]The type genus of the crustacean family Paguridae. Syn. -- genus Pagurus. WordNet 1.5]
Pah(?), interj.An exclamation expressing disgust or contempt. See Bah. 1913 Webster]
Fie! fie! fie! pah! pah! Give me an ounce of civet, good apothecary, to sweeten my imagination.Shak. 1913 Webster]
pahautean.An evergreen tree (Libocedrus bidwillii) of New Zealand resembling the kawaka. Syn. --Libocedrus bidwillii, mountain pine. WordNet 1.5]
Pa"hi(?), n.(Naut.)A large war canoe of the Society Islands. 1913 Webster]
Pah"la*vi, Pah"le*vi(?), n.1.The language of Sassanian Persia. See Pehlevi. 1913 Webster]
2.The script in which the Pahlavi language was written. It was taken from the Aramaic alphabet. PJC]
3.A gold coin formerly used in Iran, equal in value to 20 rials. PJC]
\'d8Pa*ho"e*ho`e(?), n.(Min.)A name given in Hawaii (formerly the Sandwich Islands) to lava having a relatively smooth or billowing surface, in distinction from the rough-surfaced lava, called aa. 1913 Webster +PJC]
Pah"-Utes`(?), n. pl.(Ethnol.)See Utes. 1913 Webster]
Paid(?), imp., p. p., & a.from Pay. 1.Receiving pay; compensated; hired; as, a paid attorney. 1913 Webster]
2.Satisfied; contented. [Obs.] \'bdPaid of his poverty.\'b8 Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
pai*deu"tics(p, n.[Gr. paideytikh`, fr. paidey`ein to teach, fr. pai^s, paido`s, a boy.]The science or art of teaching. 1913 Webster]
Pai"en(?), n. & a.Pagan. [Obs.] Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Pai"gle(?), n.[Etymol. uncertain.](Bot.)A species of Primula, either the cowslip or the primrose.[Written also pagle, pagil, peagle, and pygil.] 1913 Webster]
\'d8Pai*ja"ma(?), n.Pyjama. 1913 Webster]
Pail(p, n.[OE. paile, AS. p\'91gel a wine vessel, a pail, akin to D. & G. pegel a watermark, a gauge rod, a measure of wine, Dan. p\'91gel half a pint.]A vessel of wood or tin, etc., usually cylindrical and having a bail, -- used esp. for carrying liquids, as water or milk, etc.; a bucket. It may, or may not, have a cover.Shak. 1913 Webster]
Pail"ful(?), n.; pl.Pailfuls(.The quantity that a pail will hold. \'bdBy pailfuls.\'b8 Shak. 1913 Webster]
Pail*lasse"(?; F. , n.[F., fr. paille straw. See Pallet a bed.]An under bed or mattress of straw.[Written also palliasse.] 1913 Webster]
\'d8Pail`lon"(?), n.; pl. -lions(#). [F., fr. paille straw.]A thin leaf of metal, as for use in gilding or enameling, or to show through a translucent medium. Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Pail`mall"(?), n. & a.See Pall-mall. [Obs.] 1913 Webster]
pain(p, n.[OE. peine, F. peine, fr. L. poena, penalty, punishment, torment, pain; akin to Gr. poinh` penalty. Cf. Penal, Pine to languish, Punish.]1.Punishment suffered or denounced; suffering or evil inflicted as a punishment for crime, or connected with the commission of a crime; penalty.Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
We will, by way of mulct or pain, lay it upon him.Bacon. 1913 Webster]
Interpose, on pain of my displeasure.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
None shall presume to fly, under pain of death.Addison. 1913 Webster]
2.Any uneasy sensation in animal bodies, from slight uneasiness to extreme distress or torture, proceeding from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; bodily distress; bodily suffering; an ache; a smart. \'bdThe pain of Jesus Christ.\'b8 Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Pain may occur in any part of the body where sensory nerves are distributed, and it is always due to some kind of stimulation of them. The sensation is generally interpreted as originating at the peripheral end of the nerve. 1913 Webster]
3.pl.Specifically, the throes or travail of childbirth. 1913 Webster]
She bowed herself and travailed, for her pains came upon her.1 Sam. iv. 19. 1913 Webster]
4.Uneasiness of mind; mental distress; disquietude; anxiety; grief; solicitude; anguish. Also called mental pain.Chaucer. 1913 Webster +PJC]
In rapture as in pain.Keble. 1913 Webster]
5.See Pains, labor, effort. 1913 Webster]
Bill of pains and penalties. See under Bill. --
To die in the pain, to be tortured to death. [Obs.] Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
Pain, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Pained(p; p. pr. & vb. n.Paining.][OE. peinen, OF. pener, F. peiner to fatigue. See Pain, n.]1.To inflict suffering upon as a penalty; to punish. [Obs.] Wyclif (Acts xxii. 5). 1913 Webster]
2.To put to bodily uneasiness or anguish; to afflict with uneasy sensations of any degree of intensity; to torment; to torture; as, his dinner or his wound pained him; his stomach pained him. 1913 Webster]
Excess of cold, as well as heat, pains us.Locke. 1913 Webster]
3.To render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to distress; to grieve; as, a child's faults pain his parents. 1913 Webster]
I am pained at my very heart.Jer. iv. 19. 1913 Webster]
To pain one's self, to exert or trouble one's self; to take pains; to be solicitous. [Obs.] \'bdShe pained her to do all that she might.\'b8 Chaucer. 1913 Webster]
-- Pain"ful*ly, adv. -- Pain"ful*ness, n. 1913 Webster]
pain"ful*nessn.Emotional distress; a fundamental feeling that people try to avoid. Syn. -- pain. WordNet 1.5]
Pai"nim(?), n.[OE. painime pagans, paganism, fr. OF. paienisme paganism, LL. paganismus. See Paganism, Pagan.]A pagan; an infidel; -- used also adjectively.[Written also panim and paynim.]Peacham. 1913 Webster]
pain"kil`lern.A medicine used in to relieve pain. Syn. -- analgesic, anodyne, pain pill. WordNet 1.5]
Pain"less(?), a.Free from pain; without pain. -- Pain"less*ly, adv. -- Pain"less*ness, n. 1913 Webster]
Pains(p, n.Labor; toilsome effort; care or trouble taken; -- plural in form, but used with a singular or plural verb, commonly the former. 1913 Webster]
And all my pains is sorted to no proof.Shak. 1913 Webster]
The pains they had taken was very great.Clarendon. 1913 Webster]
The labored earth your pains have sowed and tilled.Dryden. 1913 Webster]
Pains"tak`er(p, n.One who takes pains; one careful and faithful in all work.Gay. 1913 Webster]
Pains"tak`ing, n.The act of taking pains; carefulness and fidelity in performance.Beau. & Fl. 1913 Webster]
Pains"wor`thy(p, a.Worth the pains or care bestowed. 1913 Webster]
Paint(p, v. t.[imp. & p. p.Painted; p. pr. & vb. n.Painting.][OE. peinten, fr. F. peint, p. p. of peindre to paint, fr. L. pingere, pictum; cf. Gr. poiki`los many-colored, Skr. pi to adorn. Cf. Depict, Picture, Pigment, Pint.]1.To cover with coloring matter; to apply paint to; as, to paint a house, a signboard, etc. 1913 Webster]
Jezebel painted her face and tired her head.2 Kings ix. 30. 1913 Webster]
2. Fig.: To color, stain, or tinge; to adorn or beautify with colors; to diversify with colors. 1913 Webster]
Not painted with the crimson spots of blood.Shak. 1913 Webster]
Cuckoo buds of yellow hue paint the meadows with delight.Shak. 1913 Webster]
3.To form in colors a figure or likeness of on a flat surface, as upon canvas; to represent by means of colors or hues; to exhibit in a tinted image; to portray with paints; as, to paint a portrait or a landscape. 1913 Webster]
4. Fig.: To represent or exhibit to the mind; to describe vividly; to delineate; to image; to depict; as, to paint a political opponent as a traitor. 1913 Webster]
Disloyal? paint out her wickedness.Shak. 1913 Webster]
If folly grow romantic, I must paint it.Pope. 1913 Webster]
Paint, v. t.1.To practice the art of painting; as, the artist paints well. 1913 Webster]
2.To color one's face by way of beautifying it. 1913 Webster]
Let her paint an inch thick.Shak. 1913 Webster]
Paint, n.1.(a)A pigment or coloring substance.(b)The same prepared with a vehicle, as oil, water with gum, or the like, for application to a surface. 1913 Webster]
2.A cosmetic; rouge.Praed. 1913 Webster]
paintableadj.Lending itself to being painted; as, a highly paintable landscape; made of sturdy eminently paintable wood. Opposite of unpaintable. WordNet 1.5]
paint"box`n.A box containing a collection of cubes or tubes of artists' paint. WordNet 1.5]
paint"brush`n.A brush used to apply paint. WordNet 1.5]
Paint"ed, a.1.Covered or adorned with paint; portrayed in colors. 1913 Webster]
As idle as a painted ship painted ocean.Coleridge. 1913 Webster]
2.(Nat. Hist.)Marked with bright colors; as, the painted turtle; painted bunting. 1913 Webster]
Painted beauty(Zo\'94l.), a handsome American butterfly (Vanessa Huntera), having a variety of bright colors, --
Painted cup(Bot.), any plant of an American genus of herbs (Castilleia) in which the bracts are usually bright-colored and more showy than the flowers. Castilleia coccinea has brilliantly scarlet bracts, and is common in meadows. --
Painted finch. See Nonpareil. --
Painted lady(Zo\'94l.), a bright-colored butterfly. See Thistle butterfly. --
Painted turtle(Zo\'94l.), a common American freshwater tortoise (Chrysemys picta), having bright red and yellow markings beneath. 1913 Webster]
Paint"er(p, n.[OE, pantere a noose, snare, F. panti\'8are, LL. panthera, L. panther a hunting net, fr. Gr. panqh`ra; pa^s all + qh`r beast; cf. Ir. painteir a net, gin, snare, Gael. painntear.](Naut.)A rope at the bow of a boat, used to fasten it to anything.Totten. 1913 Webster]
Paint"er, n.[Corrupt. of panther.](Zo\'94l.)The panther, or puma. [A form representing an illiterate pronunciation, U. S.] J. F. Cooper. 1913 Webster]
Paint"er, n.[See 1st Paint.]One whose occupation is to paint; esp.:(a)One who covers buildings, ships, ironwork, and the like, with paint.(b)An artist who represents objects or scenes in color on a flat surface, as canvas, plaster, or the like. 1913 Webster]
Painter's colic. (Med.)See Lead colic, under Colic. --
Painter stainer. (a)A painter of coats of arms.Crabb.(b)A member of a livery company or guild in London, bearing this name. 1913 Webster]
<-- p. 1031 -->
Paint"er*ly(p, a.Like a painter's work. [Obs.] \'bdA painterly glose of a visage.\'b8 Sir P. Sidney. 1913 Webster]
Paint"er*ship, n.The state or position of being a painter. [R.] Bp. Gardiner. 1913 Webster]
Paint"ing, n.1.The act or employment of laying on, or adorning with, paints or colors. 1913 Webster]
2.(Fine Arts)The work of the painter; also, any work of art in which objects are represented in color on a flat surface; a colored representation of any object or scene; a picture. 1913 Webster]
3.Color laid on; paint. [R.] Shak. 1913 Webster]
4.A depicting by words; vivid representation in words. 1913 Webster]
Syn. -- See Picture. 1913 Webster]
Paint"less, a.Not capable of being painted or described. \'bdIn paintless patience.\'b8 Savage. 1913 Webster]
Pain"ture(p, n.[F. peinture. See Paint, v. t., and cf. Picture.]The art of painting. [Obs.] Chaucer. Dryden. 1913 Webster]
Paint"y(p, a.Unskillfully painted, so that the painter's method of work is too obvious; also, having too much pigment applied to the surface. [Cant] 1913 Webster]
Pair(p, n.[F. paire, LL. paria, L. paria, pl. of par pair, fr. par, adj., equal. Cf. Apparel, Par equality, Peer an equal.] 1913 Webster]
1.A number of things resembling one another, or belonging together; a set; as, a pair or flight of stairs. \'bdA pair of beads.\'b8 Chaucer.Beau. & Fl. \'bdFour pair of stairs.\'b8 Macaulay.[Now mostly or quite disused.] 1913 Webster]
Two crowns in my pocket, two pair of cards.Beau. & Fl. 1913 Webster]
2.Two things of a kind, similar in form, suited to each other, and intended to be used together; as, a pair of gloves or stockings; a pair of shoes. 1913 Webster]
3.Two of a sort; a span; a yoke; a couple; a brace; as, a pair of horses; a pair of oxen. 1913 Webster]
4.A married couple; a man and wife. \'bdA happy pair.\'b8 Dryden. \'bdThe hapless pair.\'b8 Milton. 1913 Webster]
5.A single thing, composed of two pieces fitted to each other and used together; as, a pair of scissors; a pair of pants; a pair of tongs; a pair of bellows. 1913 Webster]
6.Two members of opposite parties or opinion, as in a parliamentary body, who mutually agree not to vote on a given question (in order, for example, to allow the members to be absent during the vote without affecting the outcome of the vote), or on issues of a party nature during a specified time; as, there were two pairs on the final vote. [Parliamentary Cant] A member who is thus paired with one who would have voted oppositely is said to be paired for or paired against a measure, depending on the member's position. 1913 Webster +PJC]
7.(Kinematics)In a mechanism, two elements, or bodies, which are so applied to each other as to mutually constrain relative motion. 1913 Webster]
Pairs are named in accordance with the kind of motion they permit; thus, a journal and its bearing form a turning pair, a cylinder and its piston a sliding pair, a screw and its nut a twisting pair, etc. Any pair in which the constraining contact is along lines or at points only (as a cam and roller acting together), is designated a higher pair; any pair having constraining surfaces which fit each other (as a cylindrical pin and eye, a screw and its nut, etc.), is called a lower pair. 1913 Webster]
Pair royal(pl. Pairs Royal)three things of a sort; -- used especially of playing cards in some games, as cribbage; as three kings, three \'bdeight spots\'b8 etc. Four of a kind are called a double pair royal. \'bdSomething in his face gave me as much pleasure as a pair royal of naturals in my own hand.\'b8 Goldsmith. \'bdThat great pair royal of adamantine sisters [the Fates].\'b8 Quarles.[Written corruptly parial and prial.] 1913 Webster]
Syn. -- Pair, Flight, Set. Originally, pair was not confined to two things, but was applied to any number of equal things (pares), that go together. Ben Jonson speaks of a pair (set) of chessmen; also, he and Lord Bacon speak of a pair (pack) of cards. A \'bdpair of stairs\'b8 is still in popular use, as well as the later expression, \'bdflight of stairs.\'b8 1913 Webster]
Pair, v. i.[imp. & p. p.Paired(?); p. pr. & vb. n.Pairing.]1.To be joined in pairs; to couple; to mate, as for breeding. 1913 Webster]
2.To suit; to fit, as a counterpart. 1913 Webster]
My heart was made to fit and pair with thine.Rowe. 1913 Webster]
3.Same as To pair off. See phrase below. 1913 Webster]
To pair off, to separate from a group in pairs or couples;specif. (Parliamentary Cant), to agree with one of the opposite party or opinion to abstain from voting on specified questions or issues. See Pair, n., 6. 1913 Webster]
Pair, v. t.1.To unite in couples; to form a pair of; to bring together, as things which belong together, or which complement, or are adapted to one another. 1913 Webster]
Glossy jet is paired with shining white.Pope. 1913 Webster]
2.To engage (one's self) with another of opposite opinions not to vote on a particular question or class of questions. [Parliamentary Cant] 1913 Webster]
Paired fins. (Zo\'94l.)See under Fin. 1913 Webster]
Pair, v. t.[See Impair.]To impair. [Obs.] Spenser. 1913 Webster]
paired(p, adj.1.Organized into compatible pairs; -- used of gloves, socks, etc. See pair{1}, v. t. Syn. -- mated. WordNet 1.5]
2.(Botany)Growing in pairs on either side of a stem; -- of leaves etc.alternate Syn. -- opposite. WordNet 1.5]
3.Mated sexually. WordNet 1.5]
Pair"er(p, n.One who impairs. [Obs.] Wyclif. 1913 Webster]
Pair"ing, n.[See Pair, v. i.]1.The act or process of uniting or arranging in pairs or couples. 1913 Webster]
2.See To pair off, under Pair, v. i. 1913 Webster]
Pairing time, the time when birds or other animals pair. 1913 Webster]
Pair" pro*duc"tion(Physics)The simultaneous creation of a particle and its antiparticle, such as an electron and positron, from a photon; -- usually due to its interaction with the strong field near a nucleus. PJC]
\'d8Pa`is(p, n.[OF. pu\'8bs, F. pays, country.](O. E. Law)The country; the people of the neighborhood. 1913 Webster]
per pais is a trial by the country, that is, by a jury; and matter in pais is matter triable by the country, or jury. 1913 Webster]
\'d8Pa`i*sa"no(p, n.[Sp., of the country, native.]1.(Zo\'94l.)The chaparral cock; the roadrunner.
2.A compatriot. PJC]
3.A comrade; a pal; a buddy. PJC]
Paise(p, n.[Obs.]See Poise.Chapman. 1913 Webster]
Pa*ja"mas(?), n. pl.[Hind. p\'be-j\'bema, p\'beej\'bema, lit., leg closing.]Originally, in India, loose drawers or trousers, such as those worn, tied about the waist, by Mohammedan men and women; by extension, a similar garment adopted among Europeans, Americans, etc., for wear in the dressing room and during sleep; also, a suit consisting of drawers and a loose upper garment for such wear.[Also spelled pyjamas.] Webster 1913 Suppl.]
pak-choin.An Asiatic plant (Brassica rapachinensis) grown for its cluster of edible white stalks with dark green leaves. Syn. -- bok choy, bok choi, pak choi, Chinese white cabbage, Brassica rapa chinensis. WordNet 1.5]
Pak"fong`(?), n.See Packfong. 1913 Webster]
Pakistanprop. n.A country in South Asia formerly part of British India. Syn. -- West Pakistan. WordNet 1.5]
Data on Pakistan from the CIA WOrld Factbook, 1996
Geography:
Location: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India and Iran
Geographic coordinates: 30 00 N, 70 00 E
Map references: Asia
Area:
total area: 803,940 sq km
land area: 778,720 sq km
comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of California
Land boundaries:
total: 6,774 km
border countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km
Coastline: 1,046 km
Maritime claims:
contiguous zone: 24 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: status of Kashmir with India; border dispute with Afghanistan (Durand Line); water-sharing problems over the Indus (Wular Barrage) with upstream riparian India
Climate: mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north
Terrain: flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m
Natural resources: land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone
Land use:
arable land: 23%
permanent crops: 0%
meadows and pastures: 6%
forest and woodland: 4%
other: 67% (1993)
Irrigated land: 170,000 sq km (1992)
Environment:
current issues: water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification
natural hazards: frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)
international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
Geographic note: controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent
People:
Population: 129,275,660 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 42% (male 28,286,823; female 26,640,019)
15-64 years: 53% (male 35,396,281; female 33,733,798)
65 years and over: 5% (male 2,621,721; female 2,597,018) (July 1996 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.24% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 36.16 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 11.22 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: -2.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female
all ages: 1.05 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 96.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 58.46 years
male: 57.7 years
female: 59.25 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 5.25 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Pakistani(s)
adjective: Pakistani
Ethnic divisions: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India and their descendants)
Religions: Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3%
Languages: Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)
total population: 37.8%
male: 50%
female: 24.4%
Government:
Name of country:
conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Pakistan
conventional short form: Pakistan
former: West Pakistan
Data code: PK
Type of government: republic
Capital: Islamabad
Administrative divisions: 4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, North-West Frontier, Punjab, Sindh
note: the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region includes Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas
Independence: 14 August 1947 (from UK)
National holiday: Pakistan Day, 23 March (1956) (proclamation of the republic)
Constitution: 10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments 30 December 1985
Legal system: based on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's stature as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal; separate electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for non-Muslims
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Sardar Farooq LEGHARI (since 13 November 1993) was elected for a five-year term by Parliament; election last held 13 November 1993 (next to be held no later than 14 October 1998); results - LEGHARI was elected by Parliament and the four provincial assemblies
head of government: Prime Minister Benazir BHUTTO (since 19 October 1993) was elected by the National Assembly
cabinet: Cabinet was elected by the National Assembly
Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora)
Senate: elections last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA March 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (87 total) PPP 22, PML/N 17; Tribal Area Representatives (nonparty) 8, ANP 6, PML/J 5, JWP 5, MQM/A 5, JUI/F 2, PKMAP 2, JI 2, NPP 2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M 1, JUP/NI 1, JUP/NO 1, JAH 1, JUI/S 1, PML/F 1, PNP 1, independents 2, vacant 1
National Assembly: elections last held 6 October 1993 (next to be held by October 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (217 total) PPP 92, PML/N 75, PML/J 6, IJM-Islamic Democratic Front 4, ANP 3, PKMAP 4, PIF 3, JWP 2, MDM 2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M 1, NDA 1, NPP 1, PKQP 1, religious minorities 10 reserved seats, independents 9, results pending 2
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judicial chiefs are appointed by the president; Federal Islamic (Shari'at) Court
Political parties and leaders:
government: Pakistan People's Party (PPP), Benazir BHUTTO; Pakistan Muslim League, Junejo faction (PML/J), Hamid Nasir CHATTHA; National People's Party (NPP), Ghulam Mustapha JATOI; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party (PKMAP), Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI; Balochistan National Movement, Hayee Group (BNM/H), Dr. HAYEE Baluch; National Democratic Alliance (NDA); Pakhtun Quami Party (PKQP), Mohammed AFZAL Khan
opposition: Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction (PML/N), Nawaz SHARIF; Awami National Party (ANP), Ajmal Khan KHATTAK; Pakistan Islamic Front (PIF); Balochistan National Movement, Mengal Group (BNM/M), Sardar Akhtar MENGAL; Mohajir Quami Movement, Altaf faction (MQM/A), Altaf HUSSAIN; Jamiat-al-Hadith (JAH); Jamhoori Watan Party (JWP), Akbar Khan BUGTI
frequently shifting: Mutaheda Deeni Mahaz (MDM), Maulana Sami-ul-HAQ, the MDM includes Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Niazi faction (JUP/NI) and Anjuman Sepah-i-Sahaba Pak